Sunday, August 26, 2012

Apple Wins Big in Patent Case

After deliberating for 21 hours, 37 minutes, the jury in the Apple v. Samsung trial awarded Apple $1.05 billion in damages after Samsung was found to have willfully infringed five of seven Apple patents. Mike Isaac reports on the News Hub. Photo: Reuters.

SAN JOSE, Calif.?Nine jurors delivered a sweeping victory to Apple Inc. in a high-stakes court battle against Samsung Electronics Co., awarding the Silicon Valley company $1.05 billion in damages and providing ammunition for more legal attacks on its mobile-device rivals.

Jurors Friday found that Samsung infringed all but one of the seven patents at issue in the case?a patent covering the physical design of the iPad. They found all seven of Apple's patents valid?despite Samsung's attempts to have them thrown out. They also decided Apple didn't violate any of the five patents Samsung asserted in the case.

The damage award is shy of Apple's request for more than $2.5 billion, but much larger than Samsung's estimates and still ranking among the largest intellectual-property awards on record.

"Today's verdict should not be viewed as a win for Apple, but as a loss for the American consumer," Samsung said. "It will lead to fewer choices, less innovation, and potentially higher prices."

An Apple spokeswoman said, "The mountain of evidence presented during the trial showed that Samsung's copying went far deeper than even we knew."

Among other findings, the jury at the U.S. District Court found that many of the Apple patents were willfully infringed by Samsung. That means that Judge Lucy Koh now has the discretion to triple Apple's damages award, said Brian Love, an assistant professor at Santa Clara University School of Law, who has been tracking the case. "This is a huge, crushing win for Apple," he said.

Intellectual property attorney Bill C. Panagos joins the News Hub to discuss how the Apple v. Samsung verdict sets precedent for patent law, and the impact on emerging technology. Photo: Getty Images.

On Friday, Apple filed a motion seeking a preliminary injunction against Samsung's products. Judge Koh asked Apple to submit data on what products Apple wants covered by an injunction and how each is covered by the jury verdict.

While the ruling won't affect the companies' latest products, it could shape how smartphones and tablets are designed and the fortunes of companies that make them.

Apple's legal campaign is partly aimed at trying to beat back the gangbuster growth of Android, the operating system created by Google Inc. that is used by Samsung and other device makers. In the second quarter, Android phones?which are made by many phone makers?represented 68% of smartphone shipments, while Apple's represented 17%, according to market research firm IDC.

Google had no immediate comment.

Friday's jury decision that the six infringed Apple patents?including three covering the shape of the iPhone and on-screen icons?are valid may make it harder for handset makers to enter markets with gadgets that look and work too much like a market leader's.

Jury Verdict Form

Jury Instructions

That means that Apple could find it easier to defend its market position and lofty profit margins, while consumers may see a bit less choice and higher prices?as fewer competitors court buyers with me-too models and pass along costs of damage awards in price their products.

The lengthy verdict was read in court Friday afternoon after 22 hours of deliberation, a quicker process than some observers anticipated. In many cases, the jury found that all or the preponderance of the Samsung devices accused of violating a particular patent did so.

The only patent the jury found Samsung didn't infringe relates to design of a tablet. Throughout the trial, Samsung's lawyers frequently remarked that Apple shouldn't be given a monopoly on a rectangle with rounded corners.

Apple, which cited 28 Samsung products in the case, sued Samsung last year and ultimately accused the South Korean company of infringing seven patents. Samsung fired back, alleging some iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch models infringed up to five of its patents.

Global smartphone revenue is expected to reach $207.6 billion in 2012 and $252.7 billion in 2013, according to estimates from Credit Suisse. The Apple-Samsung case has shattered records on the amount of evidence, number of claims, experts and potential fees, say lawyers observing the case.

The iPhone That Could Have Been

Apple

Apple experimented with making the iPhone silver and boxy.

The verdict launches the next phase of the patent battle. Several lawyers following the case predict Apple and Samsung, among the world's largest and richest technology companies, could take appeals all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court.

"There will be many issues brought up on appeal by Samsung," including the damages award, said Daniel Ravicher, executive director of the Public Patent Foundation, which advocates for patent reform.

The courtroom was tense nearly from the outset. Samsung sparked controversy quickly, vigorously objecting to Judge Koh's decision to exclude evidence it believed showed Apple was influenced by Sony in developing the iPhone. She threatened Samsung with a sanction as the drama continued as both sides raised objection after objection. By the end, the level of tension had become a joke, with Judge Koh expressing surprise on matters where the two sides didn't disagree.

The trial has already shaped the debate about reform of U.S. intellectual-property law. Critics complain the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office grants too many patents and say patent litigation is clogging the courts.

Many have questioned whether such complex cases can be decided by juries, while a federal judge recently threw out a high-profile case between Apple and Motorola, saying the patent system was in "chaos." Lawyers and judges warn that mounting patent litigation?including cases that encompass everything from smartphones to videogame consoles, will mean mounting costs for consumers.

"Software patents are clogging the system at every possible point," says Christal Sheppard, an assistant professor of law at the University of Nebraska College of Law. "This could be the bellwether case that goes to the Supreme Court to decide what invention in the 21st century really means for software."

The trial, which arose from Apple's April 2011 suit against Samsung, has been particularly complicated. It involved different types of intellectual property claims that are rarely combined in one case: patents that cover software features, hardware design and high-speed communication features, as well as "trade dress," a claim to the overall look and feel of a device.

Apple, which prides itself on the style of its products, broke new ground by heavily relying on patents covering the physical design of its iPhones and iPads. Tech companies have more commonly relied on what lawyers call utility patents, which cover the way products work rather than how they look.

Apple is the largest customer for components manufactured by Samsung, a fact that both companies raised at trial. Both are among the most recognized consumer brands on the planet and the trial has been taken up by a range of media, including late-night talk show host comedian Conan O'Brien.

The decisive win decreases the likelihood that a settlement could be reached. The other alternative is that they shift the focus to a future case in future countries and "try to land that knockout blow somewhere else," Mr. Love said. Cases in South Korea, Australia, Europe and elsewhere have been moving slowly, with Apple scoring some small wins but nothing particularly decisive.

Apple was willing to muster much to fight it, including putting key executives who rarely speak in public on the stand. Its general counsel, Bruce Sewell, watched much of the trial from the front row.

The trial itself veered through all types of subject matter from arcane telecommunications standards to stories about Apple's industrial designers huddled around a kitchen room table brainstorming secretive designs. One witness tried to make the technical subject matter more accessible to the jury with examples like comparing sending data from a phone to a cell tower to packing items in a FedEx box.

Bloomberg

Apple's iPhone 4S, left, and Samsung's Galaxy S III

Few surprises came out during the case itself. Most of the key evidence?including Samsung internal strategy documents and designs of other devices that Samsung says proves Apple didn't develop the ideas first?were discussed prior to the start of the trial and foreshadowed heavily in each side's opening statement.

Apple put two senior executives, Scott Forstall, head of its mobile software, and Phil Schiller, head of marketing, on the stand. It also trotted through an accountant, designers and a graphics specialist to parse through matters like what constitutes copying an icon. Samsung put forth of its U.S.-based strategy executives, a Korean designer who testified via translator, the inventor of a e-reader for newspapers and others.

The testimony was fairly tame relative to the sideshows when the jury wasn't around.

Samsung's lawyers sparked a debate by sending some media evidence the Judge Koh had excluded from the trial. Apple was quick to seize on the action as grounds for Judge Koh to decide the case in Apple's favor, which she refrained from doing.

Up until the end, she urged the parties to try to settle warning both faced risks. "It is time for peace," she said, saying each side had made their point.

?John Letzing and Don Clark contributed to this article.

Write to Jessica E. Vascellaro at jessica.vascellaro@wsj.com

A version of this article appeared August 25, 2012, on page A1 in the U.S. edition of The Wall Street Journal, with the headline: Apple Wins Big in Patent Case.

Source: http://feeds.wsjonline.com/~r/wsj/xml/rss/3_7251/~3/oVghe60lTTw/SB10000872396390444358404577609810658082898.html

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Monday, August 20, 2012

Romney renews Obama welfare criticism in new ad

(AP) ? Republican Mitt Romney is renewing his criticism of President Barack Obama's welfare policy, accusing him in a new ad of "gutting welfare reform." The ad says Romney would "put work back in welfare."

Romney says Obama lifted a provision that required people receiving welfare to work. Independent fact checkers have found the premise of the ad to be false.

Last month, Obama moved to allow states to seek waivers from some welfare rules. To get a waiver, states must show their plans would move at least 20 percent more people to work.

Conservatives say waivers will lead to an end of the work requirement. Romney was among several Republican governors who signed a letter in 2005 asking for more flexibility.

The Romney campaign did not say in which states the ad would run. The campaign says Romney will press the welfare issue during a town hall in New Hampshire Monday.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/89ae8247abe8493fae24405546e9a1aa/Article_2012-08-20-Romney-Welfare%20Ad/id-b7575f3cac27483582cce1f1f83825e7

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Thursday, August 16, 2012

Bombs in northern, central Iraq kill 6, injure 41

BAGHDAD (AP) ? Six people were killed and at least 41 were wounded in five separate bombings in central and northern Iraq early Thursday, authorities said, in the latest wave of relatively small but recurrent strikes by militants seeking to undermine the government.

More than 100 people have been killed in violence across the country since the start of the month, showing that insurgents remain a lethal force eight months after the last U.S. troops left the country.

Thursday's carnage began with a predawn attack against the house of a military officer. Militants planted four bombs around his house near the northern city of Kirkuk, according to the city's police commander Brig. Gen. Sarhad Qadir. The officer escaped unharmed, but his brother was killed and six other family members were wounded.

Hours later, a bomb in a parked car exploded near a string of restaurants, killing one and wounding 15, Qadir said. The blast seriously damaged the eateries' storefronts, scattering shattered glass and debris across the sidewalk.

Another parked car bomb targeting a police patrol followed, injuring two policemen and two civilian bystanders.

Kirkuk, 180 miles (290 kilometers) north of Baghdad, is home to a combustible mix of Kurds, Sunni Arabs and Turkomen. They all claim rights to the city and the oil-rich lands around it.

In Baghdad's northeastern and mostly Shiite neighborhood of Husseiniyah, a parked car erupted in an explosion that killed three people. Eight others were injured, two police officers said. The target was unknown.

Just north of the capital, in the Sunni city of Taji, yet another parked car bomb went off next to a passing police patrol, killing one person. Eight people, including police and civilian bystanders, were wounded, two other policemen said.

Health officials in nearby hospitals confirmed the causality figures. All officials spoke on condition of anonymity as they were not authorized to release information to journalists.

There was no immediate claim of responsibility for Thursday's attacks, but they bore the hallmarks of al-Qaida's Iraq branch. It has declared its aim to reclaim areas from which it was routed by the U.S. and its local allies.

Thursday's attacks came a day after militants staged attacks in northern Iraq that left 13 people dead, including 10 killed when bombs exploded shortly before the sunset meal that ends the daylong fast during the holy month of Ramadan.

The al-Qaida offshoot, known as the Islamic State of Iraq, has for years had a hot-and-cold relationship with the global terror network's leadership.

Both shared the goal of targeting the U.S. military in Iraq and, to an extent, undermining the Shiite government that replaced Saddam Hussein's regime. But al-Qaida leaders Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahri distanced themselves from the Iraqi militants in 2007 for also killing Iraqi civilians instead of focusing on Western targets.

Generally, al-Qaida in Iraq does not launch attacks or otherwise operate beyond Iraq's borders. But in early 2012, al-Zawahri urged Iraqi insurgents to support the Sunni-based uprising in neighboring Syria against President Bashar Assad, an Alawite. The sect is a branch of Shiite Islam.

___

Associated Press writer Adam Schreck contributed reporting.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/bombs-northern-central-iraq-kill-6-injure-41-084911777.html

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Corpse stars could nurture life on alien planets

WHITE dwarfs may be dying, but their light could be just right to sustain life as we know it. That could make habitable planets even more common than we think.

Many planet-hunting missions have focused on finding rocky exoplanets around sun-like stars, based on the notion that an exact Earth twin would be a prime breeding ground for alien life.

White dwarfs, by contrast, would seem unlikely hosts. These smouldering cores form when stars around the same mass as our sun reach the end of their lives. First the stars balloon to red giants, then they shed their outer gas layers and leave behind dim, ultradense orbs not much larger than Earth itself.

Still, previous work suggested that the stellar corpses could maintain habitable zones, regions where liquid water can exist on a planet's surface, for more than 8 billion years. As our own solar system is 4.5 billion years old, a habitable world around a white dwarf should have plenty of time to give rise to some form of life.

Now a new study shows that an Earth-like planet in a white dwarf's habitable zone would get light at the right wavelengths to sustain photosynthesis. Crucially, such a world would not get too much damaging ultraviolet radiation, which can stop life in its tracks.

Luca Fossati at the Open University in the UK and his colleagues started by assuming that this hypothetical planet has an atmosphere similar to Earth's.

By simulating the conditions created by a white dwarf, the team calculated the amount of starlight that would reach the planet's surface. They then compared the results with the wavelengths of light DNA absorbs, particularly UV waves known to damage DNA.

The researchers found that the planet would get just 1.65 times as much UV light as Earth does (arxiv.org/abs/1207.6210). "The dose is remarkably benign from an astrobiological perspective," says Fossati.

For the optical wavelengths that play roles in photosynthesis, the team found conditions almost identical to those on Earth.

Planets surrounding red dwarf stars have also been proposed as alternative sites for life, says Fossati, in part because these small, cool stars are the most common in our galaxy. But they can experience intense stellar activity, including flares of radiation bigger than the ones that affect Earth. White dwarfs are less temperamental, and would provide life with a more stable home, says Fossati.

"The team's evaluation of habitable planets at white dwarfs is an excellent way to smash preconceptions about these systems," says Jay Farihi at the University of Leicester in the UK.

One lingering question is how an Earth-sized planet would come to be in the right orbit around a white dwarf star. In our solar system, the sun will expand into a red giant in about 5 billion years' time, and astronomers think it will pulverise everything well past Earth's orbit before it shrinks back down into a white dwarf.

While what look like planetary remnants have been seen around white dwarfs, no intact planets have been found so far. "That's the most tricky bit," says Fossati. "We don't yet know if a full planet could survive."

Finding a 'Blue Marble'

Starlight could tell us even more about an exoplanet once the world has been spotted. A new technique shows how analysing light reflected off an alien world can give us a glimpse of its surface conditions, with clear distinctions between clouds, continents and oceans, just like the "Blue Marble" image of Earth seen from space.

Hajime Kawahara at Tokyo Metropolitan University and Yuka Fujii at the University of Tokyo in Japan used data from the Earth-orbiting Terra satellite to model the annual variation in light reflected from our planet. The pair then used this to create 2D maps of the light from hypothetical Earth-like planets with varying surface features. These maps can be compared with the light variations of real exoplanets to figure out the kinds of habitats they might hold (The Astrophysical Journal, DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/755/2/101).

At first a nearby rocky planet might just look like a pale blue dot, says Kawahara. "By looking at that dot over time, our method can retrieve an image more like the Blue Marble," he says.

The method could also reveal whether plants are growing on the distant worlds by revealing something called "red edge", says Fujii. This abrupt jump in the amount of light near the red end of the spectrum is a distinctive feature of vegetation on Earth.

Although current telescopes can't distinguish the light of small, rocky worlds from the glare of the host stars, proposed missions such as the Occulting Ozone Observatory might soon be able to use this technique.

If you would like to reuse any content from New Scientist, either in print or online, please contact the syndication department first for permission. New Scientist does not own rights to photos, but there are a variety of licensing options available for use of articles and graphics we own the copyright to.

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Swimming Pool Designers - Why Employing Skilled Swimming Pool ...











Numerous reputable firms that create private pools are in this kind of enterprise for several years by now. Many of them have completed hundreds if not a huge number of projects in the past years. Of course, if you choose to create a swimming pool within your backyard, it's very important to get a dependable firm to design it. Don't forget that there are certain techniques when designing attractive layouts for your pool. A skilled designer understands this element and can assure satisfying results after completing the project.

Today, seeking the finest contracting companies that present quality designs is simple using the Internet. They are competent at supplying the best building services with the experience of their swimming pool designers. These companies also specialize in creating residential and commercial swimming pools. At times, they even design remarkable spa centers built with the ideal water models.

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Probably the most powerful methods on the way to find the best layouts or designs today is through searching on the internet. You will also draw your personal style and present it to your pool builders so that they will have a concept of your plans. This is the advantage of using the Web as it provides several designs to enable several property owners select and go for the best one. Additionally, you can have other concepts on which kind of water feature you want to integrate to the pool.

Once you find the best swimming pool designers and close the agreement to create it on your backyard, you just have to wait for several months and can begin savoring your personal backyard. Numerous swimming pool owners today appreciate the kind of pleasure that having a swimming pool in your own home.

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The best Swimming Pool Designers can provide utmost help for your own satisfaction. By visiting this page, you can have the best deals with it.

Keywords: Swimming Pool Designers, Swimming Pool Design, Swimming Pool construction

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Wednesday, August 15, 2012

'Jersey Shore' Season Six All About 'Family'

Pauly D opens up to MTV News about the 'strangers that became my friends,' returning to MTV in October.
By Jocelyn Vena


The cast of "Jersey Shore"
Photo: MTV

Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1691709/pauly-d-jersey-shore-season-six-family.jhtml

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Disaster Recovery Planning - Now Would be a Great Time ...

Disaster Recovery PlanningLet?s face it; the news lately has been eye opening for most people with the fires, floods, terrible drought, and record high temperatures. But if you?re responsible for your company?s disaster recovery plan and potential execution, the news is particularly alarming.

A recent article in the Disaster Recovery Journal by Nick Mueller ? Disaster Recovery: You Can Afford It ? sheds light on the costs associated with various data backup and recovery methods, and it?s not as expensive as most people think?though it certainly depends on your specific requirements. The Aberdeen Group reports that the average yearly cost of downtime for a medium-sized business is $880,000. If this figure is accurate (and I have no reason to believe it isn?t), then you really can?t afford to NOT to invest in disaster recovery planning.

We?ve already seen climate-related downtimes this year, from Amazon?s cloud ? which took down Netflix, Instagram and Pinterest ? to Salesforce.com. We?ve also seen technical problems leading to big outages from the likes of Azure. Now?s not the time to delay disaster recovery planning. Just reflect on a blog series that we wrote a while back on disaster recovery best practices.

To summarize, here are the 6 disaster recovery best practices to consider:

1. Get a thorough Business Impact Assessment (BIA)
2. Find experienced disaster recovery/business continuity planners and project managers
3. Invest the appropriate resources, budget, and time
4. Plan alternate lines of communication
5. Test thoroughly and frequently
6. Keep your plans accurate and up to date

Protect the future of your business! Effective disaster recovery plans don?t require costly new equipment or technology. They just need sound planning around business needs, active support of top management, sufficient resources, and regular testing and updating.

?

Tell somebody about this blog:

Source: http://blog.virtual.com/2012/disaster-recovery-planning-now-would-be-a-great-time

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Same As It Ever Was (talking-points-memo)

Share With Friends: Share on FacebookTweet ThisPost to Google-BuzzSend on GmailPost to Linked-InSubscribe to This Feed | Rss To Twitter | Politics - Top Stories News, News Feeds and News via Feedzilla.

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Tuesday, August 14, 2012

Ready Set go Info For Article Marketers From Start-up to Expert

Use language that is genuine and enthusiastic in your articles, so you can establish a bond with your readers. While businesslike language definitely has its place, the aim is to keep the attention of your visitor as long as possible so as to maximize sales potential. Do this by using warm and expressive language.

If you write them like you are speaking to one of your buddies, it will make them easy to read. This makes your articles less formal and more accessible to your readers. Give your writing a relaxed, conversational quality that is effortlessly appealing.

Developing an effective attention-grabber is essential to good article marketing. The author has numerous ways in which he can create a successful attention getter based upon the nature of the content.

Make sure to edit your content before submission! Any mistakes in punctuation, grammar or spelling will cause your article to be rejected. Using spell check is a good idea, but also have friends and family proofread your article to check for any mistakes. )

A common mistake for article marketers is they attempt to promote themselves too strongly. Useful information is the best self-advertisement you can use. You won't get anywhere if people think they're hearing a sales pitch.

Ensure that you won't have any issues with people accessing content on your Facebook page. If you don't set your settings correctly, people might not be able to see or share your content. Make sure to create content that people will find to be worth sharing.

Upload plenty of articles you have written. If you are utilizing blog networks as part of your article marketing strategy, it is important to maintain a constant flow of article submissions. To promote a specific keyword, post multiple articles based on it. If your keyword is competitive, you must submit at least five articles to the directories and ten to public blog networks. Then follow that up with fifty articles to private blogs to improve your ranking further.

Make your articles accessible to your target audience in order to improve their marketing power. You should make your articles engaging and well written to ensure that readers will elect to read the whole content. Write short paragraphs and use words that are familiar to your audience.

When marketing your article you should make sure you have included relevant search terms in the body. This will give potential customers the ability to locate the information that they need in a short amount of time. Be sure to use keywords that are pertinent to your article.

It takes a little time to get the ball rolling when you first try article marketing. Take the tips described in this article and apply them to further your own business. If you combine technical skills and perseverance, you can succeed at article marketing.

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Source: http://www.articlemisc.com/ready-set-go-info-for-article-marketers-from-start-up-to-expert/

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Teddy bear team rejects Belarus KGB summons

STOCKHOLM (AP) ? A Swedish advertising agency that air-dropped hundreds of teddy bears carrying pro-human rights messages into Belarus has rejected a summons for questioning by the former Soviet republic's KGB security agency.

Instead, Studio Total offered Tuesday to discuss the matter directly with the country's authoritarian president, Alexander Lukashenko, and invited him to Sweden.

The KGB on Friday summoned three members of Studio Total ? Hannah Frey and co-founders Tomas Mazetti and Per Cromwell ? to explain their "illegal crossing" into Belarus. The summons threatened them with fines, six-month prison terms or "corrective labor" unless they appeared within 10 days.

The group's July 4 teddy bear stunt infuriated Lukashenko, who fired two generals over it. It also added stress to already deteriorating diplomatic relations between Stockholm and Minsk. Belarus this month effectively expelled the Swedish ambassador and ordered Sweden to close its embassy in Minsk over what Stockholm said was its push for human rights.

"Threatening someone with 'corrective' work if they don't accept your invitations is considered bad manners," the Swedish team wrote in a sarcastic open letter to Lukashenko.

The team said they had received threats by email and telephone since the teddy bear stunt and that "all trails" point to the KGB.

"To sum it up, all these small issues have made us lose our appetite to come and visit you," they wrote, suggesting instead that Lukashenko come to Sweden.

The KGB said Friday it wants the Swedes to participate in its "investigative actions" so it can clarify the role each person played and help it decide how to deal with two Belarusian men accused of aiding the Swedes.

Studio Total at the time warned that Lukashenko may be using the two Belarusians as pawns to force the Swedes to go to Minsk.

Lukashenko has ruled Belarus, a nation of 10 million, since 1994, repressing opposition groups and independent news media while preserving a quasi-Soviet economy with about 80 percent of industry in state hands. He has earned the nickname in the West of "Europe's last dictator."

Although the teddy bear drop was not officially cited as a reason for the closing of Sweden's embassy in Minsk or the barring of Sweden's envoy there, Lukashenko was last week cited as accusing Swedish diplomats of involvement in the stunt.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/teddy-bear-team-rejects-belarus-kgb-summons-124248433.html

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5 Things to Consider Before Setting Up a 150-Gallon Fish Tank ...

[unable to retrieve full-text content]Buying a 150-gallon fish tank requires a lot of responsibility. It is totally different from buying a five or ten gallon tank. The main reason why pet owners choose having fish is to lessen the hassle of feeding and maintaining their ...

Source: http://www.123classifieds.us/news/5-things-to-consider-before-setting-up-a-150-gallon-fish-tank/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=5-things-to-consider-before-setting-up-a-150-gallon-fish-tank

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Monday, August 13, 2012

Unraveling intricate interactions, 1 molecule at a time

Monday, August 13, 2012

A team of researchers at Columbia Engineering, led by Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Associate Professor Latha Venkataraman and in collaboration with Mark Hybertsen from the Center for Functional Nanomaterials at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory, has succeeded in performing the first quantitative characterization of van der Waals interactions at metal/organic interfaces at the single-molecule level.

In a study published online August 12 in the Advance Online Publication on Nature Materials's website , the team has shown the existence of two distinct binding regimes in gold-molecule-gold single-molecule junctions, using molecules containing nitrogen atoms at their extremities that are attracted to gold surfaces. While one binding mechanism is characterized by chemical interactions between the specific nitrogen and gold atoms, the other is dominated by van der Waals interactions between the molecule and the gold surface.

"A detailed understanding of van der Waals interactions is a key step towards design of organic electronic devices," says Sriharsha Aradhya, the study's lead author and a Ph.D. candidate working with Venkataraman. "Apart from the fundamental importance of these measurements, we are also excited about its applications. Understanding the effects of van der Waals interactions is tremendously important for creating and optimizing devices with organic building-blocks".

"Many proposals for future photovoltaic and flexible electronic devices are based on organic molecules because they are cost-effective," Venkataraman adds, "and scientists need to have a deeper understanding of these van der Waals interactions. Our work opens up the possibility of measuring and characterizing the strength of interaction between a variety of molecules and metallic surfaces a single-molecule at a time."

The forces of attraction between atoms and molecules come in different varieties and strengths, Aradhya explains. One of the most ubiquitous forms of attraction in nature is the van der Waals force. In contrast to specific interactions arising from bonding between atoms, van der Waals interactions represent non-specific interactions with subtler underpinnings. While originally intended to explain the apparent continuity between gaseous and liquid phases of matter, these forces have come to be recognized as an important aspect in answering such diverse questions as how does water boil inside a pressure cooker? How are geckos able to climb walls vertically? Or how can you control the organization of molecules for an organic LED smartphone display screen?

As devices like the latter become increasingly common, there has been a good deal of renewed interest in van der Waals interactions, known to lie at the heart of the structure and functionality in such devices. These interactions between organic molecules and metallic surfaces are central to a diverse range of phenomena such as catalysis of reactions, molecular electronic architectures, and molecular self-assembly in nature and engineered material. However, van der Waals interactions remain challenging to characterize directly at the fundamental, single-molecule level both in experiments and in theoretical calculations.

For this Columbia Engineering study, the researchers used their custom-built conducting atomic force microscope to make simultaneous measurements of force and conductance in single-molecule junctions. They combined their measurements with theoretical calculations and simulations, carried out in collaboration with Hybertsen at Brookhaven, in order to provide a unique quantitative measurement of the relative importance of specific and non-specific interactions at the single-molecule level, in a regime where both are comparable.

"In simple terms, conductance of the junction acts as a fingerprint of the structure," explains Aradhya. "At the same time, the measured force ? especially the force needed to rupture the junction ? can be used to deduce its mechanical properties."

While similar studies have been reported by a few research groups around the world, such precise studies have typically required the measurements to be carried out at very low temperatures and in high vacuum. Venkataraman's and Aradhya's experimental setup was optimized for very high sensitivities even at room temperature and ambient conditions. This allowed the team to perform thousands of individual single-molecule measurements, resulting in statistically robust results. The researchers then performed extensive density functional theory calculations to help them understand the mechanisms underlying their measurements.

"Taken together, this unique combination of our state-of-the-art experimental and theoretical efforts has resulted in this major progress in quantifying van der Waals interactions," Venkataraman says.

Future research, she adds, will include trying to control the interplay of van der Waals non-specific interactions with chemical modifications, in order to "achieve interesting functionality at the single-molecule level, which is an active area of research in our lab."

"We're very excited about this," she says, "as our efforts towards developing a reliable way to simultaneously measure force and conductance are yielding exciting new opportunities to relate structure, mechanics, and electronics at the single-molecule level."

As Hybertsen notes, "The development and validation of efficient theoretical models for the van der Waals interaction is still in its nascent stage. We expect that our work will also have an impact on this theoretical effort underway among many research groups around the globe to develop accurate treatment of van der Waals interactions."

The experiments were conceived by Aradhya and Venkataraman. The experimental tools and large dataset analysis techniques necessary for this study were developed by Aradhya, along with Michael Frei, a recent graduate of Venkataraman's lab. The modeling of the interactions and the calculations were conceived and executed by Hybertsen at Brookhaven.

###

Columbia University: http://www.columbia.edu

Thanks to Columbia University for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

This press release has been viewed 17 time(s).

Source: http://www.labspaces.net/122503/Unraveling_intricate_interactions____molecule_at_a_time

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Incipio SILICRYLIC Case for Galaxy S3 review

Incipio SILICRYLIC case

Protecting your Galaxy S3 should be a no brainer. Choosing what kind of case in which to put your new, shiny phone can be confusing. 

 

The Incipio SILICRYLIC case gets its name from providing two separate layers of protection for your Samsung Galaxy S III (S3.) The inner layer is made of silicone and the outer layer is a shell made of acrylic.

read more



Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/androidcentral/~3/1bzpxQiaEJ8/story01.htm

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Homes For Sale Pleasanton CA Real Estate Weekly Review August ...

Homes For Sale Pleasanton CA Real Estate Weekly Review August 12, 2012 | Homes for Sale in San Ramon, Danville CA, Dublin CA, Pleasanton ?2012 Bay East. ?2012 CCAR. ?2012 EBRD. All rights reserved. Information deemed reliable but not guaranteed. This information is provided from three separate sources: Bay East, CCAR and EBRD. The listings presented here may or may not be listed by the Broker/Agent operating this website. Information last updated on 8/13/12 3:50 AM PDT.

This IDX solution is (c) Diverse Solutions 2012.

Source: http://vickiesellshomes.com/homes-for-sale-pleasanton-ca-real-estate-weekly-review-august-12-2012/

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Sunday, August 12, 2012

FISH TANK WITH STAND 90 Gallon | Mead | eBay Classifieds (Kijiji ...

Sorry, Readability was unable to parse this page for content.

Source: http://denver.ebayclassifieds.com/other-pets/mead/fish-tank-with-stand-90-gallon/?ad=22540664

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Chimp escapes Las Vegas backyard - again

(AP) ? Police say a chimpanzee who rampaged through a Las Vegas neighborhood last month made a second escape from her backyard enclosure.

The Las Vegas Sun reports (http://bit.ly/QSjDpQ) a resident called authorities about 4:50 p.m. Saturday to report CJ, the chimp, broke free from her cage. Las Vegas Metro Police captured her at around 5:30 p.m. after setting up a containment area and targeting her with tranquilizer darts.

On July 12, CJ and her mate Buddy broke free and roamed through their owners' neighborhood, pounding on vehicles and climbing in an unoccupied car. Buddy also jumped on cars.

An officer shot and killed him after police say he veered too closely toward onlookers.

CJ was returned to her owners then, but officials say that won't happen this time.

The Sun reports she was being secured at a local zoo.

___

Information from: Las Vegas Sun, http://www.lasvegassun.com

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/aa9398e6757a46fa93ed5dea7bd3729e/Article_2012-08-12-Chimps%20on%20the%20Loose/id-568d440ae14d46b2ad130a514e18616e

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Google updates search algorithm to target copyright violations

Google?s search algorithm has been updated to downgrade webpages that have received too many copyright violation notices ? a move that will cause them to appear lower in Google search results.

The company announced the update on Friday on its Inside Search blog. The change is scheduled to begin next week, but the company was quick to note that it would not be deciding whether a webpage violated copyright law ? that decision would remain in the hands of the copyright holder and the courts.

?Only copyright holders know if something is authorized, and only courts can decide if a copyright has been infringed; Google cannot determine whether a particular webpage does or does not violate copyright law,? said?Amit Singhai, senior vice president of engineering at Google.

?So while this new signal will influence the ranking of some search results, we won?t be removing any pages from search results unless we?receive?a valid copyright removal notice from the rights owner,? Singhai said.

?And we?ll continue to provide ?counter-notice??tools so that those who believe their content has been wrongly removed can get it reinstated. We?ll also continue to be?transparent?about copyright removals,? he continued.

The Motion Picture Association of America ? one of several institutions that have been continuously at odds with Google over how it handles copyright issues ? said that it was ?optimistic? about Google?s new strategy.

?We will be watching this development closely ?? the devil is always in the details ?? and look forward to Google taking further steps to ensure that?its services?favor legitimate businesses and creators, not thieves,? said?Michael O?Leary, senior executive vice president for global policy and external affairs, in a statement following Google?s announcement.

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/google-updates-search-algorithm-target-copyright-violations-073407284.html

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Unique Wealth Creation Methods | Profit Pro Article Directory

?

By Mark Anastasi

Being employed for the rest of your life cannot make you rich. But does starting a small business and working for your own would? Sometimes wealth creation would be your ultimate happiness by being self-sufficient, self- fulfilled, and with a great plan for your retirement. But how will you tackle this? You should know that success does not come overnight and the important thing is to make it start to reach your goal.

Revenue streams are one of the best alternative ways on making extra money aside from your main income generator. There are a lot of business ideas you can choose from, both online and offline streams. Blogging, affiliate marketing, Forex trading, online store, or podcasting, the list is endless. What you should keep in mind before starting one is your passion and your expertise as this will play a great part of your success. You may explore new horizons but you should always consider what you do best.

Online Clothing Design

If you are artistically inclined or design oriented, you may create and sell your own clothing designs. You may not be selling branded clothes but you can offer a lot of consumers with one-of-a-kind designs exclusive to your business. you can search for a site online basically much like a store making customized printed hood?s, T-shirts, mugs, and almost anything you can design and print-on. The good thing about this store online is you don?t even need to start your own store from scratch. All you have to do is sign up for free, you design a number of funny and unique graphics, and you can already generate extra income by being a storekeeper.

You have the task of designing as well as marketing your own merchandise as these stores are managed by others. Your items will be drop shipped which eliminates bulks of clothing in your home. You can always approach companies, schools, and other organizations near you for their upcoming events and offer your product. Endless possibilities are present and its probability is realistic.

Online Trading

Another wealth creation method you can try is online trading. This is something that is not designed for primary source of income since there are days that only few purchases are made, breaking even most of the time. But although this is not one sustainable method, the road to wealth creation is small profits built over some time. One of the most popular traders online is eBay which has been in the business for quite some time now but still continues to flourish. Despite some of its pitfalls, you can always use other reputable trading sites for sourcing stocks and then just sell them on the more popular trading sites.

Whatever methods you use geared towards wealth creation, you will be faced with risks one way or another. However, you can manage your risk by careful planning, knowing your goals, a good work attitude, and wise spending. You do not need to start big to make it big in the business. It is better to work your way up slowly but surely.

MARK ANASTASI is an Internet entrepreneur and founder of the Inspired Marketing Group. Organizing events such as The Traffic Generation Summit, The Millionaire Bootcamp for Women, and The Passive Income Summit, he has trained over 12,000 entrepreneurs around the world since 2005. Want more? Grab my free reports and videos on http://www.laptopmillionaire.tv/blog

Source: http://business-profit-pro.com/unique-wealth-creation-methods/

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Sarasota small business supporters launch new website | Small ...

Ashley Bodi and her father Robert have partnered on a number of business ventures, including Iammomandpop.com, a website designed to share the success stories of other small business owners. Provided photo

MANATEE -- Ashley Bodi was raised with a passion for small business. She takes it from her dad.

The Sarasota entrepreneur grew up watching her father Robert juggle the chaos that comes with running a small company, which has since branched into three.

That admiration drove the father-daughter duo to launch a new website last month dedicated to telling the success stories of other small business owners like themselves.

Iamamomandpop.com already has drawn global attention from small business owners who have shared tricks of their trade, motivational comments and inspirational photos.

The initiative is the latest spin-off from Bodi's Business Beware brand and the national TV show that's filmed from her Sarasota office.

"This is dear to our hearts," Bodi said. "With everything going on lately, small business has become such a big topic. We're the backbone of America, yet we don't always get the recognition we deserve."

Bodi's family moved to Sarasota in 2001. They operate companies that specialize in sports turf renovations, irrigation and fencing. She followed shortly after college in 2006.

But the Bodi team always had an itch to help others.

The first project they tackled was Business Beware, a website dedicated to helping small businesses collect dues as well as warning them of difficult customers -- almost like a reverse Better Business Bureau.

Companies can leverage against problem customers by reporting them on the site, which is shared with all of the other users.

"Customers nowadays have so many outlets for evaluating a business from Angie's List to the Better Business Bureau," Bodi said. "There

aren't any available for the business owners to evaluate customers."

Their next expansion was a local radio show, talking about not only problem customers, but also the success stories of small businesses and their importance to the economy.

That show has since converged to TV, where it's broadcast to national markets including Atlanta, Dallas and Denver on the Biz TV Network.

It is taped from a studio in Bodi's Sarasota office.

"This is just something that everyone got attached to, so we decided to keep it going," she said.

"You hear stories about mom and pop shops disappearing. Some are, but others are still thriving."

Bodi's latest creation, www.iamamomandpop.com, is another forum to share the stories of small businesses from across the nation.

It started as an outlet for friends and family and in one month has grown into a global network of users from all sectors of business.

On the site, Bodi shares a different success story each day. More than 30 now wait in the pipeline.

Area officials have long touted small business as the economic driver for Manatee County. They say any services that can help will go a long way.

"Small business makes up the majority of our county," said Bob Bartz, president of the Manatee Chamber of Commerce. "They don't have board of directors or large resources so anything that can help them get over hard times would be welcomed."

Josh Salman, Herald business writer, can be reached at 941-745-7095. Follow him on Twitter @JoshSalman

Source: http://www.bradenton.com/2012/08/11/4154107/sarasota-small-business-supporters.html

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Tuesday, August 7, 2012

Wayne State University to search for potential drug targets to treat Barth Syndrome

Wayne State University to search for potential drug targets to treat Barth Syndrome [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 7-Aug-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Julie O'Connor
julie.oconnor@wayne.edu
313-577-8845
Wayne State University - Office of the Vice President for Research

DETROIT Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is a rare and serious genetic disorder that primarily affects males and is passed from mother to son; women who are carriers do not show symptoms of the disorder. Fifty percent of children born to a mother who is a carrier will inherit the defective gene, and all daughters born to an affected man will be carriers. BTHS is caused by a mutation in the tafazzin gene that results in decreased production of cardiolipin, an essential lipid for energy metabolism.

BTHS causes cardiomyopathy, a disorder of the heart muscle; neutropenia, a reduction in the number of white blood cells; hypotonia, reduced muscle tone; undeveloped skeletal muscles and muscle weakness; delayed growth; decreased stamina; physical disability; and methylglutaconic aciduria, an increase in an organic acid that is characteristic of abnormal mitochondrial function.

A team of researchers at Wayne State University has received funding from the Barth Syndrome Foundation to test a novel hypothesis that cardiolipin deficiency leads to disruption of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, a series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions that forms a key part of aerobic respiration in cells, leading to metabolic defects that have potential to be rescued by restoring TCA cycle deficiencies.

Led by Miriam L. Greenberg, Ph.D., professor of biological sciences in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and a resident of Ann Arbor, the team hopes to find ways to restore the TCA cycle metabolites that may offer potential new treatments for the disorder.

"Cardiolipin deficiency is implicated in a number of disorders such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, heart failure, ischemia/reperfusion injury and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease," said Greenberg. "Understanding the mechanisms underlying the involvement of cardiolipin in cellular functions may provide insight into these disorders and Barth Syndrome, and may help identify potential drug targets."

###

Wayne State University is one of the nation's pre-eminent public research institutions in an urban setting. Through its multidisciplinary approach to research and education, and its ongoing collaboration with government, industry and other institutions, the university seeks to enhance economic growth and improve the quality of life in the city of Detroit, the state of Michigan and throughout the world. For more information about research at Wayne State University, visit http://www.research.wayne.edu.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Wayne State University to search for potential drug targets to treat Barth Syndrome [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 7-Aug-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Julie O'Connor
julie.oconnor@wayne.edu
313-577-8845
Wayne State University - Office of the Vice President for Research

DETROIT Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is a rare and serious genetic disorder that primarily affects males and is passed from mother to son; women who are carriers do not show symptoms of the disorder. Fifty percent of children born to a mother who is a carrier will inherit the defective gene, and all daughters born to an affected man will be carriers. BTHS is caused by a mutation in the tafazzin gene that results in decreased production of cardiolipin, an essential lipid for energy metabolism.

BTHS causes cardiomyopathy, a disorder of the heart muscle; neutropenia, a reduction in the number of white blood cells; hypotonia, reduced muscle tone; undeveloped skeletal muscles and muscle weakness; delayed growth; decreased stamina; physical disability; and methylglutaconic aciduria, an increase in an organic acid that is characteristic of abnormal mitochondrial function.

A team of researchers at Wayne State University has received funding from the Barth Syndrome Foundation to test a novel hypothesis that cardiolipin deficiency leads to disruption of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, a series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions that forms a key part of aerobic respiration in cells, leading to metabolic defects that have potential to be rescued by restoring TCA cycle deficiencies.

Led by Miriam L. Greenberg, Ph.D., professor of biological sciences in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and a resident of Ann Arbor, the team hopes to find ways to restore the TCA cycle metabolites that may offer potential new treatments for the disorder.

"Cardiolipin deficiency is implicated in a number of disorders such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, heart failure, ischemia/reperfusion injury and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease," said Greenberg. "Understanding the mechanisms underlying the involvement of cardiolipin in cellular functions may provide insight into these disorders and Barth Syndrome, and may help identify potential drug targets."

###

Wayne State University is one of the nation's pre-eminent public research institutions in an urban setting. Through its multidisciplinary approach to research and education, and its ongoing collaboration with government, industry and other institutions, the university seeks to enhance economic growth and improve the quality of life in the city of Detroit, the state of Michigan and throughout the world. For more information about research at Wayne State University, visit http://www.research.wayne.edu.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-08/wsu--wsu080712.php

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Monday, August 6, 2012

Buying a Galaxy S2, S3 or Note? Samsung's offering cash for your old phone

Android Central

If you're on the fence about whether to drop your hard-earned currency on a new Galaxy smartphone, Samsung Mobile USA is hoping to sweeten the deal with a option to take your old phone off your hands. On its official Facebook page, the manufacturer offers customers picking up a Galaxy S2, Galaxy S3 or Galaxy Note the option to exchange your aging handset for up to $300 in cold, hard cash.

If you've just upgraded to a Note, S2 or S3, you can head to the Samsung Facebook page linked below and enter the details of your old phone, along with proof of purchase for your new one. You'll then be given a quote for your old handset, which is valid if you send your phone off to Samsung within 30 days.

As is always the case with buyback schemes like this, you're unlikely to make back a huge amount of money on a year-old handset, and even a newer devices like the iPhone 4S will only get you around $250 back. Nevertheless, if your old phone is just sitting around collecting dust, and you don't want to deal with the possible minefield of selling on eBay, Samsung's new upgrade program might be worth a look.

Source: Samsung Mobile USA on Facebook; via: The Verge



Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/androidcentral/~3/SRPnvjt7nZ8/story01.htm

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